Stereoscope



Nov; 22, 1927.

J. B. WANTZ STEREOSCOPE Original Filed Oct. 16} 1924 N. 0 T N E V N Maw l mm m 9 E N on W R O T 5 HH 5 W L U Y J B atented Nov. 22, 19 27.

PATENT OFFICE.

JULIUS B. WANTZ, OF OAK PARK, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO VICTOR X-RAY CORPORA- TION, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

STEREOSCOPE.

' Original application filed October 16, 1924, Serial No. 743,958. Divided and this application filed April 6,

The present invention relates to stereoscopes adapted for use to view both raygraphs and X-ray negatives. This application is -divided from a prior application, Serial Number 743,958, filed October 16, 1924, and having the same title.

It is among the objects of this invent on to provide a device capable of serving wlth 0 equal facility with all types of X-ray photographic reproductions, means for the distribution of the illumination employed 1n conjunction with theexamination of raygraphs and X-ray films that such illumina tion will be dispersed in substantially the same manner as the rays from the X-ray tube were distributed during the process of taking the pictures under inspection, and to properly ventilate such an apparatuswhereby to prevent overheating of negatives no matter how long-they may be disposed therein in the course of study.

These, and such other objects as may hereinafter appear, are attained by the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of the novel apparatus illustrated in the accompanying single sheet of drawings, hereby made a part of this specification, and in which Figure 1 is 'an vice embodying scribed;

Figure 2 elevation of a complete dethe invention herein tleis a front elevation of one of the light boxes employed upon the device;

Figure 3 is detail in section of the supporting standard for the device.

Like reference characters are used to designate similar parts in the drawings and in the disclosure of the invention hereinafter made.

Reference should be had to Figure 1. Upon a base 10 which may comprise several members joined together'or which may be integrally formed, are disposed legs 11,

adapted to spread outwardly for the purpose of supporting the device. At the outward extremity of one or all of legs 11 may be a device 12 ratus upon an uneven floor surface.

Secured to the base 10 is a standard 13 comprisin a hollow vertical tube at the top of which 15 secured a locking collar 14 having the usual locking unit. Within the standard 13 is disposed a second. standand has particularly to do with one for facilitating levelling the appa- Serial No. 21,082.

ard 15, hereinafter called the inside standard, which is hollow and in which is dis- "posed a coil spring 16, the top end of which spring abuts the wall of inside standard 15 at its top. The bottom end of said spring 16 is seated upon the wall at the bottom of standard 13. Said spring 16 is for the single purpose of bearing a portion of the weight of the apparatus disposed upon the base 10 so that said apparatus may be read- 11y moved upwardly or downwardly from a normal balanced position in order to adjust the apparatus to an operator who, according to his personal whims, may prefer to stand up or to sit down while examining negatives or raygraphs. Locking collar 14 secures the apparatus in any adjusted position desired. Ordinarily the balanced position is intermediate the levels occupied by the device when being used by a person of normal stature in standing posture and when seated. The enlarged detail, Figure 3, discloses the internal construction of the standards 13 and 15.

Projecting outwardly from standard 15 are two members 17 comprising arms or brackets whereby to provide a track frame, track members 18 being secured thereto in parallel relation. Upon said tracks 18 and at opposite ends thereof are two movable carriages 19, one designated a right hand carriage and the other a left hand carriage. Said carriages are the same except one is the reverse of the other.

Said carriages 19 are adapted to be concurrently and equally moved toward and away from the center of the apparatus, which center rests in a line projected upwardly from the axis of standard 15, by an apparatus comprising cables and pulleys not here shown but common to the art. In this way X-ray pictures may be placed away from the eye a distance equal to the distance from the X-ray tube to said pictures in order that the true dimensions and proportions of the photographed objects may be visualized. A scale of distances may be provided for the convenience of the operator.

For controlling the strength of a centrally disposed light hereinafter to be described, a rheostat 20 having an operating handle 21 is disposed upon the arms 17 beneath tracks 18.

At the center of the apparatus and disposed upon a base 22 secured to tracks 18 is a standard supporting a member 23, provided with means for angular adjustment (designated 24) and tilting adjustment (designated 25) of its upper section 26,- upon which last mentioned section 26 is disposed a pair of mirrors 27, geared to operate con jointly when the angular adjustment of one or the other is changed. At the top of said section 26 is a cross arm 28 from the ends of which depend pivotally mounted shields or wings 29 of opaque material. Said shields or blinds 29 provide means for avoiding or shutting off the undesirable effects of the direct or reflected light produced by the 11- luminating apparatus which will shortly hereinafter be disclosed. while the adjustability of the mirrors 27 permits the operator to view the X-ray images in a convenient and correct relation to the object from which taken.

Upon each of the carriages 19 is a base 30 which providesa suppbrt for a box 31 of a generally truncated pyramid configuration or form. Said box 31 at its back end is provided with a centrally disposed lamp socket 32, in which a bulb 33 projecting horizontally and inwardly of said box is disposed. The axis of said lamp 33 coincides with the axis or center line of box 31, and ordinarily and preferably a lamp having a point or ring filament concentrating the light rays is em ployed.

At the front end of said box 31 is a frame 34 in which is included a translucentglass pane 35. Upon the top of said frame is a roller shade 36 having a guide rod 37 at the side thereof, said shade 36 having an angular guide member 37, one section of which is aligned with the free end of the shade 36 while the other section forms a slidable sleeve about said rod 37. Asecond roller shade 38 is disposed at one side of box 31 and is provided with a guide rod 39 across be top of said box 31, an angular guide member .39, similar to member 37* cooperating with said shade 38 and rod 39 to keep said shade in proper alignment. A channel may be arranged in frame 34 at the bottom of.

glass to support plates, films or raygraphs as the case may be. The curtains 36 and 38 support such X-ray photographs at two of their other edges and exclude light from passing to the side of said image reproductions. lit is usual to dispose the fourth side of such pictures at the edge of box 31 opposite roller shade 38 or adjacent rod 37 A picture held by said shades can not be accidentally displaced.

Between the frame 34 and box 31' at the top and bottom thereof, it is desirable to pro vide air slots, such slots being clearly visible in Figure 3 where they are designated 40. In order to provide such slots 40, it is customary to secure the box 31 at its top and bottom by fingers 40* projecting rearwardly escaping through slots 40 but these should be sufficiently removed from said slots 40 so as not to prevent a free circulation of air therethrough.

Upon member 26, a tunnelled member is shown. This comprises two truncated cone sections joined at their smallest radiuses at which point and within said sections a socket- 51 is mounted. Within the socket 51 and vertically disposed is a lamp 52 having a point or ring filament, the rays of which are adapted to proceed outwardly from the open ends of said tunnel 50 to illuminate a raygraph held upon the boxes 31 at opposite ends of track 18 as shown in Figure 1. The advantage of this construction is the elimination of the two separated lamp brackets described in my'copending application and the obtaining of necessary illumination through the source of a single lamp rather than two lamps as in said other form of device. Naturally, the light distribution upon the two raygraphs under inspection in this device is equal and such distribution is illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawing.

In said Figure 2, a diagrammatic representation of light distribution in the apparatus is shown. Whether the bulb 33 is lighted as it is in the case of films or plates, or the bulb 52 is used as is done when a raygraph is disposed at the front of the box 31 and upon glass 35, the most intense light produced is directed toward the center of the front of said box 31 with the intensity of such light decreasing as the edges of frame 34 are approached, as is indicated in said Figure 2.

This distribution of light is adopted because in the production of X-ray pictures, whether they be films, plates or raygraphs, (a raygraph being a direct X-ray picture upon a sensitized'photographic paper), the most intense X-rays affect the center of the film, plate or raygraph and that part of the object photographed upon the center of the film is nearest the X-ray bulb and hence, most contrasted. The intensity of. the X- ray effects decreases as the margins of the film or raygraph are approached, for reasons quite manifest to any one skilled in X-ray photography.

In the manner herein described, the light upon the film or raygraph held in this device is made to correspond with the intensity of the X-ray illumination used in making the pictures, and a lighting of the film, plate or raygraph is obtained identical with or substantially identical with the distribution of the penetrating and photographing rays from the X-ray tube.

The heat generated in box 31 by bulb 33 has a tendency to heat the glass 35 and. the

film or plate thereupon secured. By placing the slots at thetop and bottom of box 31 adjacent pane 35, ventilation is secured. A current or film of constantly changing air is drawn upwardly through the said slots 40 vertically across the back surface of said pane 35 Which is in this manner kept cool.

Rheostat 20 controls either the bulbs 33 or bulb 52. Variability in said lights is essential for the purpose of securing the best reading light foreach particular image reproduction. The most efiective light adjustment can only be fixed concurrently with the examination of each reproduction. It is advantageous to control each set of lights from a single rheostat for it makes it unnecessary for the operator to acquaint himself with new movements or new positions.

I claim 1. A stereoscope comprising a frame, means upon said frame for holding photographic reproductions for examination, and a system of illumination adapted to throw light upon the front or upon the rear of said photographic reproductions, said system of illuminating including lights comprising point sources of illumination at the rear of said reproductions, and a single point source of illumination at the front thereof, said lights being adapted to provide most intense illumination at the center of said reproductions.

2. The combination in a stereoscope of a frame, means upon said frame for holding photographic reproductions, and separated sources of illumination carried upon said in association therewith for directing themost intense rays of light toward the center of said reproduction.

4. In combination in a stereoscope, boxes having faces and means for holding. photographic reproductions against said faces, a

source of illumination at the center of said boxes, and an external source of illumination intermediate said boxes having means in association therewith for directing the most intense rays from said light-upon each of the said facesin substantially the same manner as said internal lights.

5. In a stereoscope, a frame, illuminating boxes upon said frame each having a translucent face, and a second source of illumination intermediate said boxes, said second source of illumination comprising a source of light and a tunnelled reflector about said light and having walls for directing the rays therefrom toward the centers of said translucent faces.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

JULIUS B. WANTZ' 

